<p>The Patagonia Mountains are a 15 mi mountain range within the Coronado National Forest, and in Santa Cruz County, Arizona.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Santa Rita Mountains lie to the north across the Sonoita Valley. Both the Patagonias and the Santa Ritas are east of the Santa Cruz River Valley. Arizona State Route 82 winds through the Sonoita Valley along Sonoita Creek which flows between the Santa Ritas and the Patagonias. Patagonia Lake and the town of Patagonia are located in the Sonoita Valley.</p><br>
<p>The Sierra San Antonio are a continuation of the Patagonia Mountains southwards into Mexico, a mountain range of about 10 miles that tapers down to lower elevations.</p><br>
<p>The old mining camps and ghost towns of Mowry, Washington Camp, Harshaw, and Duquesne are located in the Patagonia Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, are in the valley to the southwest of the mountain range. The San Rafael Valley and Canelo Hills are to the east of the Patagonia Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The connected Santa Rita, Patagonia, and Sierra San Antonio ranges are part of the Madrean Sky Islands ecoregion, the sky island mountain ranges region on the north of the Sierra Madre Occidental, the major cordillera and mountain ecoregion of central-western and northwestern Mexico.</p><br>
<p>Nutwood Place is a historic farm complex on the northern edge of Urbana, Ohio, United States. Today composed of the farmhouse, a round barn, and a small amount of former fields, the farm has been owned by some of Urbanas leading families. Colonel William Ward, the founder of Urbana and the farms original owner, built the farmhouse in 1815. At this time, he owned 160 acre of land north of the village of Urbana; there he established his farm under the name of "Nutwood Place," where he lived until his 1822 death.</p><br>
<p>Commercial hatter Absalom Jennings of New York City bought the farm in 1856, but he waited three years before taking up residence there. Here he remained for the rest of his life, breeding horses and cattle. Under his direction, the brick round barn was erected in 1861.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, Nutwood Place was added to the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture. It is one of eight places listed on the National Register in Urbana.</p><br>
<p>First Evangelical Church is a historic Lutheran church at 1311 Holman Street in Houston, Texas. It is part of the North American Lutheran Church.</p><br>
<p>The current church building was constructed in 1927 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On July 1, 1851, a group led by the Rev. Caspar Messon Braun (1822–1880) founded the Erste Deutsche Evangelische Lutherische Kirche, or First German Evangelical Lutheran Church. The State of Texas issued the church&#39;s charter on September 21 of that year. First Lutheran was the first Lutheran congregation in Houston and the second Lutheran congregation in Texas. First Lutheran is responsible for the establishment of no less than eight daughter congregations in Harris County.</p><br>
<p>In November, 1851, just 2 months after its founding, six missionaries from St. Chrischona of Basel, Switzerland arrived in Texas. Along with the Rev. Braun, they established the First Evangelical Lutheran Synod in Texas, often called the Texas Synod. The purpose of the synod was to gather the many Lutherans in Texas that were without congregations and a churchly structure. The confession of the synod included subscription to the Lutheran Confessions, adopting unaltered symbolical books as found in the Book of Concord, 1580, accepting the Unaltered Small Catechism, and selecting the German Hymn book of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The first church building was erected on the southeast corner of Texas Avenue at Milam Street. In 1901, under the Rev. William L. Blasberg (1862–1935), the congregation moved to the northwest corner of Texas Avenue at Caroline Street, to a new red brick and sandstone edifice built in the Gothic tradition. After selling the second structure in 1926, the First Evangelical Church, as it became known, purchased the current site on Holman Street. Under the leadership of the Rev. Detlev Baltzer (1889–1962), the congregation hired architect Joseph W. Northrop, Jr., who had moved to Houston to oversee construction of the original Rice Institute, now Rice University. James West was general contractor for the new church campus, and J. C. Nolan and the Star Electric and Engineering Company held sub-contracts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Northrops North Italian Romanesque styling features terra cotta roof tiles on the nave, education building and parsonage, as well as a campanile, or bell tower. The buildings were constructed of interlocking concrete tiles covered with buff-face brick and white sandstone trim. The campaniles bell, forged in 1880, has rung at each of the congregations places of worship. The tower connects the nave to the seven-bay arched portals of the education building, which houses classrooms, offices, auditoriums, and a stage. The naves details include pulpit and altar made by master woodcarvers from Oberammergau, Germany. Pews and chancel furnishings, designed by Northrop, are by the American Seating Company. The north gallery of the nave houses a 1903 Kilgen and Son pipe organ, and the stained glass windows of the gallery - a later addition to the building - are from the Browne Window Company. First Evangelical Lutheran Church was recorded as a Texas Historic Landmark in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Renaissance</h2><br>
<p>First Lutheran&#39;s history since 2002 is as interesting as its founding. Through the 20th century, First Lutheran had moved through several different denominations. In early 2002, a Houston lawyer and civic leader discovered that First Church, the first Lutheran congregation in Houston was technically no longer "Lutheran". Virtually no Lutherans in Houston except those who had attended First Lutheran, knew that the "First Church" was still in existence. At that time the formerly thriving congregation had dwindled in size and worship attendance was paltry. The church faced the real possibility of having to close its doors.</p><br>
<p>Based upon extensive research, congregational forums, consultation with ELCA synodical representatives, and conversations with the pastor and congregational council, First Evangelical Lutheran Church voted to join the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, thereby reclaiming its Lutheran identity. This move was encouraged and sponsored by sister congregation, Christ the King Lutheran Church, located near Rice University in the Village neighborhood of Houston. In 2006, the Rev. Edwin D. Peterman, a distinguished Lutheran pastor and well-known teaching theologian, began to serve as Interim Pastor. Through the Holy Spirit, the congregation began to grow to viability again, and called a full-time pastor in December 2009 to help the congregation continue the work of the church into the 21st century.</p><br>
<p>First Methodist Church  is a historic Methodist church at 300 E. Houston Street in Marshall, Texas. It has also been known as First United Methodist Church and as Methodist Episcopal Church of South Marshall. It is a stuccoed brick Greek Revival-style church with a portico having four monumental square columns; such architecture is rare in Texas.</p><br>
<p>It was documented in 1936 by the Historic American Buildings Survey. The portico was originally topped by a belfry but that was replaced in 1949 by a large octagonal cupola. It was built during 1860 to 1861, probably by slave labor. Its builders included mason Alexander Pope and carpenter Billingon Smalley. It was expanded in 1949 and in 1958.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, Confederate supplies were stored in the basement and it was the site of organization for the war effort. It was the site of the first conference, in 1862, of the Trans-Mississippi states convened by Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Texas Governor Lubbock, Missouri Governor Jackson, and representatives of Arkansas and Louisiana participated.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register in 1980.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church is a historic church at E. Oliver and N. Swenson in Stamford, Texas. Built in 1908, the church is a large, domed structure built on a Greek Cross form and covered with buff colored brick. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 24, 1986 and designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1989. A two-story educational building was added in 1932 and another educational wing in 1960.</p><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church was organized in Stamford in early 1900. Frank Shelby Groner became pastor in 1905. He increased the membership from 147 to about 750 and that made a new and larger church necessary. After using temporary facilities for seven years, the congregation had grown and prospered enough to initiate a new structure. Ten leading members of the church each pledged $1,000 for construction, and the new church stood as one of the city&#39;s most elaborate and expensive structures.</p><br>
<p>Saint James Second Street Baptist Church is a historic church at 210 Harding Street in Fort Worth, Texas. The congregation was founded in 1895 by the Reverend J. Francis Robinson. Construction of the church began in 1913, by architect Frank J. Singleton. African-American contractor George Powell built the south wing, while B.G. Rhodes built the north wing. Short square entry towers frame the Gothic Revival style red-brick building, and the lancet-shaped art glass windows give it a fortress-like appearance.</p><br>
<p>Services were held in the basement until construction was finished in 1918. For many years the church held graduation ceremonies for I.M. Terrell High School. The church was designated as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1986. It was added to the National Register in 1999. In 2004, an electrical fire sparked a three-alarm blaze and caused $100,000 in damage.</p><br>
<p>The Sterling Opera House is in Derby, CT on 104 Elizabeth St across from the town green. The building was constructed in 1889 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 1968. It was initially as a city hall, but then ended up being a hot spot for performances and musical history.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On April 2, 1889 the doors of the Sterling Opera House were opened to the public. It was designed by Italianate Victorian style architect H. Edwards Ficken, who also was co-designer of the famous Carnegie Hall located in Manhattan, NY. The auditorium was used for hundreds of shows and live musical performances in its day. In fact, many world famous performers such as Harry Houdini and Red Skelton took the stage at Sterling. Shows were held up until 1945 when the curtain closed for the last time. The Sterling Opera House was also later recognized as a historic place with historic value when it became the first building in CT to be added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 1968.</p><br>
<p>The first showing at the opera house was created by James A. Herne, called "Drifting Apart", and was said that it was "a melodramatic temperance play without the traditional didactic sermons preaching the evils of drink." It also turned out to be a financial failure for James A. Herne. The name of the play was more fitting for the relationship between Derby and Ansonia at the time. Ansonia saw no point in having another opera house be built when they already had a perfectly good one in their town. Brought on by the play, there became drama outside of the building which had a hand in helping the two cities separate.</p><br>
<p>The last showing at the Sterling Opera House was "Ye Olde Time Minstrel." It was presented by the Lafayette Mens and Womens Club in honor of the returning soldiers of WWII. It showed on November 30- December 1, 1945. After, it had no regularly scheduled program for ten years, though there were special performances before it closed in 1965.</p><br>
<h2>Interior layout</h2><br>
<p>The Sterling Opera house was built with a combination of architectural styles in order to appeal to composer Richard Swagner. The seating was arranged in a way that makes it possible for all viewers in the opera house to enjoy an un-obstructed view of the stage.</p><br>
<h2>Paranormal activity/claims</h2><br>
<p>Sterling, in fact, was the setting of an investigation in a 2011 episode of Ghost Hunters. Many people claim to have seen un-explainable things such shadow figures, orbs of light and objects moving on their own. Even though there are no tragic stories of deaths that occurred there, it is believed that the spirit of Charles Sterling, the man who the structure was named after, may be lurking the building in the afterlife. Some experiences of paranormal activity in the opera house have been people seeing and hearing a little boy playing with a soccer ball up in the balcony seats. This spirit apparently likes to be called Andy. There are in fact soccer balls and other toys scattered across the building and they have been said to move from place to place and disappear. What was once a place of entertainment and joy is now one of the "spookiest" buildings in Connecticut.</p><br>
<h2>Notable performers</h2><br>
<p>There were many famous people who performed at the opera house including Harry Houdini, Amelia Earhart, Lionel Barrymore, as well as John L. Sullivan who was Simon Legree in a showing of Uncle Toms Cabin and the film producer G.W Griffith who showed his movie "Birth of a Nation". Amelia Earhart was brought to the opera house by the Womens Club on March 16, 1936 and told of her amazing flying adventures./&gt</p><br>
<h2>Plans for the future</h2><br>
<p>The Sterling Opera House has been abandoned for almost 50 years, and is in need of restoration. Peeling paint, broken windows and rusted metal are merely a few of the problems that have worsened over the years and will need to be fixed. The town of Derby wants to see that this happens as soon as possible. In September 2011, a plan revealed by the town government showed what the plans would be to fix up the old Sterling Opera House. This plan is very costly however, and is estimated to be between 3-4 million dollars. USA Representative Rosa DeLauro received a grant for 150 thousand dollars to go towards cleaning up the interior. Future plans include tours to showcase the building, and to also make it the town&#39;s city hall once again.</p><br>
<p>Osbornedale is a two-story colonial revival house located in Osbornedale State Park, in the Derby Neck section of the city of Derby, Connecticut that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is operated as a museum. It is significant for being the home of Frances Osborne Kellogg, a proponent for equal professional opportunities for women in Connecticut. The architect for the remodeling was Waldo Stewart Kellogg, whom Frances Osborne married.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally built as a farm house in 1840 in the Greek revival style. Little is known about the first occupants. In 1867, Wilbur Osborne, who owned and ran several industries in Derby, Ansonia and Bridgeport, and his wife, Ellen Lucy Davis, moved to the house. The couple ran a dairy farm in the surrounding land. Their sole surviving daughter, Frances, took over after her father&#39;s death and became a prominent businesswoman &ndash; president of the Union Fabric Co., vice president of Connecticut Clasp, treasurer of the F. Kelly Company, and a founding partner of Steels and Busks, Ltd. Of Leicester, England. She married Waldo Stewart Kellogg in 1919, and he took charge of the dairy, using selective breeding to make the herd "famous throughout New England for quality milk production." Waldo Kellogg enlarged and remodeled the house to its current form between 1919 and 1925.</p><br>
<p>Waldo Kellogg died in 1928 but Frances stayed in the house until her death in 1956. Just before she died, she deeded her entire 350 acre estate, including Osbornedale, to the State of Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The state now operates the house as the Osborne Homestead Museum; the surrounding land comprises Osbornedale State Park.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The John Wells Jr. House is a historic house at 505 Mountain Road in West Hartford, Connecticut. Built about 1766, it is one of the town&#39;s few surviving 18th-century buildings, and a good example of Georgian residential architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John Wells Jr. House is located on the west side of West Hartford, on the west side of Mountain Road, roughly midway between its junctions with Orchard and Flagg Roads. It is set on a lot that rises to the west, with a low stone retaining wall at the front. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney, and a centered entrance. The second floor hangs slightly over the first on the front and sides, and the house is finished in clapboards. The main entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by a half-round carved fanlight. Two-story ells extend to either side.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of this house was probably built c. 1766 by John Wells Jr. or by his father; the land on which it stands was given by the father to the son, with the house standing on it, in 1768. The house was sold by the younger Wells in 1788. It is one of the oldest houses in West Hartford.</p><br>
<p>The Gen. Martin Kellogg House, now more commonly known as the Kellog-Eddy House, is a historic house museum at 679 Willard Avenue in Newington, Connecticut. Built about 1808, it is a well-preserved example of Federal period residential architecture, and it was home to two of Newington&#39;s leading citizens. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kellogg-Eddy House stands west of Newington center, on the west side of Willard Avenue (Connecticut Route 173), north of its junction with Cedar Street. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a center entrance and two interior chimneys. Its front entry has a fanlight above and is sheltered by an original portico supported by turned columns. There are two two-story wings extending to the side and rear, which were added in 1927-28.</p><br>
<p>The main house was built c. 1808 by William Kellogg, the fourth of that name, who was a leading citizen of Newington. Primarily a farmer, he received his military title for service in the state militia. Kellogg was instrumental in establishing a local academy for higher education in 1829. The house and farm were purchased in 1913 by Elford Welles Eddy, who was a distant cousin to the Kelloggs. Eddy kept a dairy herd on the farm, and served on the local library and water district boards. He also served one term in the state legislature. The town acquired the house from his widow in 1975. It is now operated by the local historical society and operated as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Richards-Sewall House is a historic house in Urbana, Ohio, United States. Located along College Street on the citys western side, it was built in 1853 in a combination of the Queen Anne, Stick/Eastlake, and Gothic Revival architectural styles. president of what is now Urbana University during the 1870s. A native of Maine, Sewall was a minister of the New Church who moved to Urbana upon being elected to the presidency in 1870. In addition to his position as college president, Sewall taught a range of courses at the college and served as the pastor of the New Church congregation in Urbana. While living in Urbana, Sewall served as president of the churchs Ohio governing body, published multiple books, and chaired the church&#39;s board of missions.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, the Richards-Sewall House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for addition to the Register both because of its connection to Sewall and its contribution to broad patterns of American history.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. James Loomis House is a historic house at 881 Windsor Avenue in Windsor, Connecticut. Built about 1825, it is a good local example of transitional Federal-Greek Revival architecture executed in brick. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Captain James Loomis House is located south of the village center of Windsor, on the west side of Windsor Street (Connecticut Route 159), the major north-south route through that part of the town, between Rood Avenue and Woody Brook Road. It is a -story brick structure, laid in Flemish bond throughout. It is four bays wide and two deep, with a boxed cornice and wide frieze. The main entrance is off-center on the front facade, with a semi-elliptical transom window above. The windows are otherwise symmetrically placed, with cut stone sills and lintels. In the gable end at the attic level is a window exhibiting Gothic tracery. A single-story ell extends the building to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1828 for Captain James Loomis, whose family was locally important, with numerous houses in the immediate area. This house exhibits a locally distinctive combination of Federal and Greek Revival features, the latter including the wide frieze and pedimented gable, and the former the elliptical fanlight.</p><br>
<p>The Mount St. Joseph Academy is a historic former school building at 1 Hamilton Heights Drive in West Hartford, Connecticut. It is a four- and five-story brick and stone structure with Colonial Revival styling, designed by Hartford architect John J. Dwyer and built in 1905-08. It was operated by the Sisters of Mercy as a Roman Catholic school for girls, reaching a maximum enrollment of 565 in 1958. The school closed due to declining enrollment in 1978. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1983. In 1996 the building was renovated for use as an assisted living facility, which presently  is operated as Atria Hamilton Heights</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Mount St. Joseph Academy stands on a landscaped hilltop at the southwest junction of Fern Street and Hamilton Avenue in eastern West Hartford. It is a large masonry structure four and five stories in height, with Georgian Revival styling. Its exterior is finished mainly in red brick, with limestone and buff brick used in the trim. It is laid out in an E shape, with the main spine of the E oriented north-south, and the legs of the E extending westward. The front facade faces east, and is divided into five sections, with a central projecting entry with gabled pediment and half-round columned portico, and slightly projecting end wings. The interior central lobby spaces have retained original features and finishes despite conversion of the premises from a school to assisted living.</p><br>
<p>The academy building was built in 1905-08, and is one of the major works of Hartford architect John J. Dwyer. It was built for the Sisters of Mercy, a Roman Catholic order, as a boarding school for girls. The order was founded in 1831 in Dublin, Ireland, and had established itself in Hartford in 1852. It promptly opened a school for girls, which moved to larger quarters on Farmington Avenue in 1874 and was then given the name Mount St. Joseph Seminary. Again needing a larger space in the early 20th century, the Sisters had this facility constructed. Originally designed with more expensive materials (including granite and marble), both the size of the building and its material costs were reduced to fit the Sisters&#39; $300,000 budget. The school operated until 1978, when it closed due to declining enrollment.</p><br>
<p>The old Bridgeport City Hall is located in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The building was built in 1854 as both the City Hall and the Fairfield County Courthouse and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 19, 1977. The old city hall was renamed McLevy Hall after Bridgeport mayor, Jasper McLevy in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>City Hall and Courthouse</h2><br>
<p>Locating the Fairfield County Courthouse in Bridgeport was the result of much debate. Fairfield, Connecticut had been the site of the first county seat and courthouse in Fairfield County but by the mid-19th century, not only was the old courthouse insufficient for the countys needs, but the growth of Bridgeport and Norwalk made them more logical choices for county seat and a new courthouse. Bridgeports offer to pay for the building of a courthouse and jail decided the matter. Bridgeport City Hall was constructed in 1853-54 between State and Bank Streets and cost $75,000. Alexander Jackson Davis designed it in the Greek Revival style to resemble a temple. The building, opened in 1855, had a large ground floor for use as City Hall, two floors for county government and court use and an auditorium, Washington Hall, for public gatherings. In 1886, when Bridgeport City Hall proved insufficient for both the growing needs of city and county, the Fairfield County Courthouse was built nearby.</p><br>
<h2>Lincoln speech</h2><br>
<p>On Saturday, March 10, 1860, Abraham Lincoln spoke in Washington Hall at Bridgeport City Hall. Not only was the largest room in the city packed, but a crowd formed outside as well. Lincoln received a standing ovation before taking the 9:07 p.m. train that night back to Manhattan. A plaque marks the site where Lincoln spoke.</p><br>
<p>Adamello  is a mountain in Lombardy, Italy. With an elevation of 3,539 m, it is the second highest peak of the Adamello-Presanella Alps. It is located in Valcamonica, Lombardy .</p><br>
<p>Douglas Freshfield gives this description from the summit of the Presanella, which he ascended for the first time (September 17, 1864):</p><br>
<p>The central mass of Adamello... is a huge block, large enough to supply materials for half-a-dozen fine mountains. But it is in fact only one. For a length and breadth of many miles the ground never falls below 9,500 feet. The vast central snow-field feeds glaciers pouring to every point in the compass. The highest peaks, such as Carè Alto and Adamello, are merely slight elevations of the rim of this uplifted plain. Seen from within they are mere hummocks; from without they are very noble mountains falling in great precipices towards the wild glacier-closed glens which run up to their feet.</p><br>
<h2>First ascent</h2><br>
<p>The summit of Adamello was conquered for the first time by a young Bohemian climber, Julius von Payer, along with a mountain guide from Val Rendena, Girolamo Botteri, on 16 September 1864. The next day, the two climbers conquered the neighboring Presanella (3558 m above sea level), and were disappointed to find that a team assembled by Douglas Freshfield had preceded them by three weeks. The team that supported Payer and Botteri was composed, in addition to them, by another mountain guide, Giovanni Caturani and a local porter, Antonio Bertoldi. Some sources state that Caturani, not Botteri, went with Payer to the top.</p><br>
<p>The expedition took off on September 8 and mistakenly climbed two secondary peaks of the Adamello massif, the Dosson di Genova, 3419 m, and the Corno Bianco (White Horn), 3434 m, before facing the true summit. The same route chosen by Payer, and Caturani is considered today as one of the easiest (although since then a lot has changed in the shape of glaciers), starting from the Val Genova, on the Trentino side, and crossing the Plan di Neve (Snow Plain) to the peaks. The first repetition, always in summer, was completed, following a similar path, by a British party, including the Londoner Douglas Freshfield and the famous Francis Fox Tuckett, with François Devouassoud, another Swiss guide, and a porter. Although they also ran the risk of making mistakes in the choice of the way, they arrived at the summit on July 3 1865, claiming to have been faster than Payer in first ascent the year before.</p><br>
<h2>World War I</h2><br>
<p>During World War I the front between Austrian and Italian troops ran through the Adamello massif and both sides manned position on the summits all year round.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing routes</h2><br>
<p>To climb the summit of Adamello&#39;s main peak, there is not really a single Normal route (Via Normale in Italian). It is a short climb from the Plan di Neve to the summit, but the route to reach and cross the Plan di Neve depends on the valley chosen as the starting point.</p><br>
<p>The first climbers started from the Val Genova and went up the Mandrone glacier. This is still one of the most travelled ways to the top from the Trentino side, and apart from the need to use glacier equipment and pay attention to the objective pitfalls that ice implies, it is a long and arduous walk, technically elementary.</p><br>
<p>Lynfeld is a farm located on South Road in the Town of Washington, New York, United States, near the village of Millbrook. Its farmhouse, a frame structure dating to the late 19th century, is in an unusual shape for a building in the Italianate architectural style.</p><br>
<p>The land was first part of a much larger farm established sometime in the late 18th century. In the 1870s, the original owners grandson built the main house. His son was an innovative farmer who was among the first in the Hudson Valley and Dutchess County, and in one case the country, to raise several new species of livestock. It remained in the original familys hands until the late 1960s. In 1987 the farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>Lynfeld is located in the western section of the town, on the south side of South Road just east of its junction with Tyrell Road, a half-mile (1 km) southeast of where South Road splits from the US 44-NY 82 highway. The terrain is gently rolling, with many tributaries draining to the East Branch of Wappinger Creek to the north. A semicircular driveway with trees clustered near it provides access to the six buildings. The land is mostly cleared and under cultivation, as are neighboring farms, a contrast with the wooded areas across Tyrell to the northwest.</p><br>
<h3>Main house</h3><br>
<p>The main house is located at the driveway&#39;s eastern turn. It is a two-story frame clapboard-sided structure with a low pitched metal hipped roof, pierced by a chimney at the southwest, arranged in a rough C shape with the interior angle to the northwest. A wide overhanging eave at the roofline is supported by scroll brackets.</p><br>
<p>A hip-roofed porch runs the entire width of the five-bay tripartite main facade, on the interior angle. Its roof is supported by square piers that form an arcaded frieze embellished with drop pendants beneath a wide panelled and bracketed cornice. Windows on all facades are mostly paired round-arched windows with louvered shutters.</p><br>
<p>A tripartite bay window projects from the westernmost bay on the north. It, too, has a bracketed cornice and hipped roof. The south elevation has a two-story rear wing with a porch on the east that also wraps around to part of the main block. Brick steps with iron rails lead up to the rear door.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is a deeply recessed paneled door with a round-arched transom. It is surrounded by a molded architrave with a decorative scroll-bracket keystone. Inside, the room layout has been altered moderately with the addition of removable partitions and the conversion of the upstairs into residential apartments. Much of the original finishing remains, including wood, plaster, and marblework. The door and windows have fine molded wooden surrounds. There are cornices in the plaster and marble mantelpieces around the fireplaces, those purely decorative as the house was heated by a system based on a furnace, stoves and hot-air piping.</p><br>
<p>There are some major decorative touches in the main rooms. The front parlor has an elaborate ceiling medallion, and the library features built in bookcases with glass cabinets. A carved balustrade on the winding, spacious central staircase is intact.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>To the house&#39;s west along the entrance drive is a late 20th-century office building, now used as residential space. It is a two-story frame building with vertical siding and a shed roof. On its east was once a greenhouse, built on the site of an earlier carriage house. Because of its recent construction it is not a contributing resource to the Register listing.</p><br>
<p>The barn on its west is a contributing resource, since it was built within a few decades of the farmhouse. It is a one-and-a-half-story frame building in horizontal flushboard with a gabled roof. A round-arched window is within its gable end.</p><br>
<p>Next to it is the dairy/hay barn, also contributing. It is much larger and more complex, with several wings. It is a frame gable-roofed structure built into the slight westward slope, with a similar wing on the west for cows. A small milkhouse is attached to the north side of the wing. Inside, the barn&#39;s framing is augmented with long diagonal braces.</p><br>
<p>Continuing along the driveway, there are two more buildings. A four-bay frame corrugated metal modern machine shed, with an attached smaller shed, is to the hay barn&#39;s northwest. To its northeast, close to South Road, is a one-story frame guest cottage. Neither are contributing resources.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ancestors of Lynfelds builder, Milton Conrad Ham, were German immigrants, war refugees from the Palatine who were resettled on Livingston family lands along the Hudson River in what is now the area between Rhinebeck and Germantown. A plan for them to grow naval stores in the area soon failed due to the regions harsh winters, and the Germans scattered throughout the region looking for new work and living quarters.</p><br>
<p>Sometime between the late 1710s and 1760s, the first Ham settled near Washington Hollow and began farming a 225 acre tract that includes the present Lynfeld. Local histories suggest that Milton, when he took over the farm in 1871 and built the house, was living on land first purchased by his grandfather Frederick, although it is not known when that transaction took place. The farm was known as "Lynfeld" due to the perceived abundance of linden trees on the property.</p><br>
<p>An earlier frame farmhouse had been built on the property in Frederick Hams time. It was not enough for Milton, relatively progressive and sophisticated by the standards of taste among Dutchess County farmers. From an unknown architect, he commissioned a farmhouse in the Italian villa style more commonly used for urban houses and cottages of the eras affluent.</p><br>
<p>The Lynfeld house was further distinguished among the style by its unusual configuration. Most Italianate buildings combine smaller squarish or cubical forms, with wings, when they exist, at perpendicular angles to the main block. Ham&#39;s house was, instead, shaped like a large, fat "C" — a large square block with an interior angle on the northwest that served as a segmented front facade. It was further enhanced with elegant Victorian decorative touches.</p><br>
<p>From Milton, the farm passed to his son John Milton Ham. The younger man served in several public offices at different levels of government: federally as the Millbrook postmaster, locally as Washington town supervisor and at the county level as Dutchess&#39;s county clerk. Like his father, he was drawn to innovations of the era. The hay barn, the larger of the two built during his ownership, used diagonal braces to augment its framing. This newer method eliminated the need for post-and-beam structural systems barns had traditionally used, opening up most of the interior space.</p><br>
<p>On the farm, he tried out new breeds of livestock. He was one of the first Hudson Valley farmers to raise Holstein-Friesian cattle and keep Percheron horses for stud. He also introduced Berkshire swine and was one of the first American farmers to raise Dorset horned sheep.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, the original farmhouse, now used as a tenant house, burned down. The cottage was built shortly afterwards. Three decades later, the farm passed out of Ham family ownership after ten generations when Conrad Ham sold the current parcel.</p><br>
<p>It was later converted for mixed office and residential use. Sometime between its listing on the Register in 1987 and the present day, the house&#39;s exterior was made plainer. The frieze and decorative eyebrow windows were removed from below the roofline, replaced with clapboard, and the pediments over some of the first floor windows were also removed.</p><br>
<p>Thomsons Lake is a lake nature reserve in the City of Cockburn, Western Australia, approximately 25 km south of the central business district of Perth, the state capital, and on the southern fringes of the Perth metropolitan area. It in the suburb of Beeliar, 7 km south-west of Jandakot Airport. It is a still largely natural wetland, with adjoining native vegetation, surrounded by land developed for housing and agriculture, that regularly supports large numbers of shorebirds and other waterbirds.</p><br>
<h2>Protection</h2><br>
<p>The lake is listed on the Register of the National Estate. With the similar Forrestdale Lake 10 km to the east, it forms the Forrestdale and Thomsons Lakes Ramsar Site, designated under the Ramsar Convention on 7 June 1990 and recognising it as a wetland of international importance. The lake and its surrounds are registered as Nature Reserve 15556, vested in the Conservation Commission of Western Australia and managed by the Department of Conservation and Land Management. The reserve is also part of the Beeliar Regional Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Thomsons Lake Nature Reserve, including the lake and adjacent woodland, has an area of 538 hectare. The lake is a shallow, brackish, seasonal lake with a large area of open water when full. It has extensive fringing sedgeland typical of the Swan Coastal Plain, and is a major breeding site, migration stop-over and semi-permanent drought refuge area for waterbirds. It usually dries out during the summer, though occasionally retaining some water through the year. It is fenced to exclude feral predators. It is mainly used for birdwatching, nature walks, and general recreation by surrounding residents. Within the reserve there is a network of fire-breaks and management access tracks used for bushwalking, while horse riding is only allowed on a perimeter track outside the vermin-proof fence.</p><br>
<h3>Geology and hydrology</h3><br>
<p>The lake occupies a depression between two dune systems – the Bassendean System to the east, and the younger Spearwood System to the west. These dunes are the result of the accumulation and subsequent distribution of beach sands along successive shorelines from a series of marine incursions combined with the prevailing westerly winds. Palaeobotanical studies show that the lake sediments are 30-40,000 years old, making them the oldest found in Western Australia. The lake lies on the Jandakot Groundwater Mound - a region of elevated groundwater beneath the Swan Coastal Plain.</p><br>
<h3>Flora and fauna</h3><br>
<p>Water milfoil grows abundantly in the lake. The fringing zone around the edge is characterised by the introduced bulrush Typha orientalis and the sedge Baumea articulata. When water levels drop, the club-rush Bolboschoenus caldwellii becomes established on the exposed mudflats within the fringing zone, while behind it is a belt of Baumea juncea and Baumea articulata with emergent native broom and shrubs of orange wattle. Behind these is a belt of the trees flooded gum and stout paperbark, and the shrub grey stinkwood. On higher ground these are replaced by open forest or woodland dominated by jarrah, firewood banksia and candlestick banksia. Some 476 vascular plants (including 133 introduced weeds) from 81 families have been recorded in the reserve.</p><br>
<p>The lake is one of the last refuges for the endangered Australasian bittern on the Swan Coastal Plain; it is the only wetland in the Perth metropolitan area where the marsh harrier still breeds, and one of few known breeding sites for Baillon&#39;s crake. It regularly supports more than 1% of the national population of four shorebirds: red-capped plover (with up to 1,000 counted), black-winged stilt (3,000), red-necked avocet (3,000), and curlew sandpiper (2,500). The lake often holds more than 10,000 waterbirds, with the highest number counted over 20,000. The most numerous are Australian shelduck (with up to 1,600 counted), Pacific black duck (4,500), grey teal (6,000), Australasian shoveler (2,000), and Eurasian coot (7,000). The reserve contains a population of western grey kangaroos. The long-necked tortoise is present. Six frog species and up to 80 aquatic invertebrate taxa have been recorded.</p><br>
<p>The Cobblestone Farm and Museum, which includes the Dr. Benajah Ticknor House  is an historical museum located at 2781 Packard Road in Ann Arbor Michigan. The museum gets its name from the cobblestone used to build the farmhouse. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of the Cobblestone Farm had been a farm as far back as 1824 and remained an operating farm well into the</p><br>
<p>late 20th century. Ezra Maynard originally cleared the land on which the farm now sits. Benajah Ticknor died in 1858, at which time his extensive medical library was donated to the University of Michigan.</p><br>
<p>In 1860, Horace Booth purchased the farm from Getia Ticknor. Horace and his son Nelson farmed and improved the property, adding the fountain that still exists today. In 1881, William Campbell purchased the farm, and he and his descendants continued to farm the property until 1955. The family continued to own it until 1972, when the city of Ann Arbor purchased the property for use as a museum.</p><br>
<p>Restored to its mid-nineteenth-century appearance, the farm today serves to provide a glimpse into the pioneer history of the surrounding community. The site was acquired by the city of Ann Arbor as a city park and is leased to the Cobblestone Farm Association. In addition to its educational mission, the farm also serves as a venue for festive occasions such as picnics, fairs and weddings.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dr. Benajah Ticknor House is a rectangular two-story Classical Revival house with a side-gable roof onstructed of cobblestones laid in a herringbone pattern.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the cobblestone farmhouse, the Museum property also includes a large barn, tool shed, corn crib, and smokehouse. A c. 1835 log cabin, moved to the property from southeastern Washtenaw County, is also on display.</p><br>
<p>Cobblestone Farm Farmhouse.JPGCobblestone Farm Ticknor-Campbell House, rear view</p><br>
<p>Cobblestone Farm Barns.JPGCobblestone Farm barns</p><br>
<p>Cobblestone Farm Historic Marker.JPGCobblestone Farm historical marker</p><br>
<p>The Berea Union Depot is a train station in Berea, Ohio, United States, which was built in 1876. As the railroad facilities through town grew, there was a demand in the early 1870s by developers and townspeople for a new passenger and freight station. When it was dedicated on May 3, 1876, The Plain Dealer called it "the finest facility outside the big cities." As a union station, it served the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway, both of which became part of New York Central Railroad. It ceased to serve as a railway depot in 1931. In 1980, the building was restored as a restaurant and gathering place.</p><br>
<p>Built of sandstone with elements of slate, the depot is a Gothic Revival structure with Victorian-influenced components. Both the sandstone and the styling are uncommon in northeastern Ohio, where masonry depots were typically brick, and where wooden stations outnumbered masonry.</p><br>
<p>Critical to the stations establishment was Bereas stone-based economy; in the late nineteenth century, the citys sandstone quarries were the worlds largest, and a typical day in the 1880s saw eighteen trains at the station. One century later, the depot was named a historic site: it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 1980, qualifying because of its place in local history and because of its historically significant architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Thorne Memorial School building is located at Franklin and Maple streets in Millbrook, New York, United States. It is a brick structure built at the end of the 19th century, considered the most distinctive public building in the village.</p><br>
<p>After being challenged by a newspaper reporters column about the new villages lack of a school, a wealthy local resident had the school built at his expense and donated it to the community. In order for it to be accepted, it was necessary for the village to formally incorporate. It served as its high school until 1962. Today it is used for special purposes and afterschool activities. In 1996 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with an adjacent blacksmith&#39;s shop.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The school&#39;s 3.5 acre lot is a rectangular parcel located in a residential area at the corner of Franklin (the former route of the US 44 highway) and Maple avenues on the eastern edge of downtown Millbrook. To the north is Lyall Federated Church and some houses; to the east is Maple Avenue East. An access drive in the center divides the developed portion on the west from a grassy field on the east. The school has its original retaining wall on the south side and a parking lot on the north.</p><br>
<p>The main building is a three-story structure on a limestone foundation sided in buff brick. It is configured as two connecting perpdendicular blocks, with semicircular wings on the south corners. Asphalt has covered the original metal roof, except for the copper trim on the cornice and dormer windows.</p><br>
<p>The front (south) facade is trimmed with limestone quoins, beltcourses and architraves. It is pedimented in the center over a Palladian window. Windows are round-arched on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>Inside the front block is given over to classrooms surrounding an open stairwell on the first two stories. The third story, originally living quarters for the janitor and his family has smaller rooms in the dormers with a central hall lit by skylights. Walls are plaster over clay tile on the interior wythe; floors are original wood strip except for concrete in the basement, which is used for mechanical purposes.</p><br>
<p>It connects to the similar basement of the north wing. That wing&#39;s ground floor has a kitchen on the east and cafeteria on the west. To their north is a two-story auditorium with exposed iron trusses supporting the ceiling and roof. At the north end are dressing rooms and mechanical rooms.</p><br>
<p>There are two outbuildings associated with the property. A cobblestone shop near the school was originally used to teach students blacksmithing; it is today a storage facility. It dates to sometime before 1913 and is considered a contributing resource. A bandshell on the north end of the field to the east is of more modern construction and thus non-contributing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Millbrook had come into existence in 1869, when entrepreneur M. Franklin Merritt bought an old farm through which the Dutchess and Columbia Railroad was slated to be built. He laid out streets and subdivided the land. The village-to-be was named Millbrook, in honor of the nearby estate of G.H. Brown.</p><br>
<p>The settlement grew quickly, with other wealthy buyers establishing their own country estates outside of town. Those who worked for or sold things to them moved into the growing hamlet. In 1892, a local newspaper, the Round Table, reported the observations of a visitor from Poughkeepsie on what the village, which he praised for its "evident harmony and cooperation between the millionaire population and the unmoneyed people", lacked:</p><br>
<p>The visitor called for one of the wealthy local residents to rise to the occasion and endow a public school in Millbrook, "a monument that outlasts time".</p><br>
<p>The next year a meeting was called to consider that possibility. A site was initially selected near the old wooden schoolhouse on Elm Street, built shortly after the hamlet was subdivided. In the autumn of that year Samuel Thorne, a wealthy resident with deep roots in the area, announced that plans were nearly complete for the present school, on a different parcel of land. He would name it Thorne Memorial for his late parents Jonathan and Lydia.</p><br>
<p>Thorne&#39;s school was to be state-of-the-art for its era. The new school was fireproof, long before this became common or mandatory. The Round Table said the new school had the potential to make Millbrook "first in educational advantages among villages of its size in Dutchess County".</p><br>
<p>No hard documentation exists for the architect or builders, but recent investigation has found that they were likely William J. Beardsley and the Cornwall firm of Mead and Taft respectively. Christopher Gray has found that Beardsley, who established himself later with the 1903 Dutchess County Court House in Poughkeepsie and went on to design many public buildings in the state, lived on the same Millbrook street as Frank Welling, supervisor of the construction for the school board. His 1933 obituary also referred to "a school in Millbrook" as being one of his works. Mead and Taft had recently built nearby Halcyon Hall and were known for their ability to finish such large projects.</p><br>
<p>It was completed and opened in September 1895. The Thorne family wanted to donate it to the community, but at the time there was no formal entity that could accept the gift. So, at the end of the year, Millbrook voted overwhelmingly to incorporate as a village.</p><br>
<p>The original school property included a stable and blacksmith shop as outbuildings. The former is no longer extant; the latter is but is used for storage. The school continued to be used as the village&#39;s high school until the creation of the present Millbrook Central School District in 1962. There have been very few alterations to it save for the removal of the original flagpole and cupola. It continues to be used for special-interest classes and community event until recently when the Millbrook Board of Trustees decided that the cost of keeping the building open was too great for amount of use.</p><br>
<p>The Emmanuel Church at Brook Hill, in the historic community of Brook Hill in Henrico County, Virginia, is a historic church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brothers John and Daniel Kerr Stewart, both born on the Island of Bute in Scotland, emigrated and established a farm at Brook Hill. Although they had been members of Monumental Church and then St. Pauls Church, both in downtown Richmond, Virginia, their property was on the citys outskirts. The early Brook turnpike between Richmond and Dabney Williamson&#39;s Tavern had become a major thoroughfare during the American Revolution. Between 1859 and 1860, the Stewart brothers supported creation of a new parish near their farm, which was organized in 1860.</p><br>
<p>Bishop John Johns consecrated the building on July 6, 1860. The mission churchs first rector was Rev. Richard Hooker Wilmer, a friend of John Stewart and future Confederate Bishop (elected to the Episcopal Diocese of Alabama in 1862, and who ultimately would be interred in this churchs graveyard).</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, troops often traveled on Brook Road, almost in front of this church. Both armies at various times occupied the building, often using it as a hospital. Nearby Virginia historical markers describe Sheridans maneuvers in 1864, Richmonds outer defenses on the road, and the renaming of the entire road between Petersburg and Alexandria Virginia as Jefferson Davis Highway between 1913 and 1947.</p><br>
<p>The church built a school in 1910, and a parish hall in the 1950s. The parish has also been known for its social activism. John Stewarts daughter Marian, who married George William Peterkin (who became the first Bishop of West Virginia), wrote about its mottos: "God is with us" and "the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much". Virginias seventh bishop, William Cabell Brown, a former missionary in Brazil, is also interred in the graveyard. Immediately in front of the church, in addition to a historic marker concerning the church, is a marker commemorating artist and suffragette Adele Goodman Clark.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church and church school (built in 1910), as well as the cemetery were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Rhode Island architect Clifton A. Hall designed the church.</p><br>
<p>Richard Hooker Wilmer, the only bishop to be consecrated by the Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America, is buried in the church cemetery, as are many Confederate soldiers. Virginia bishop William Cabell Brown (1861-1927) is also buried in the churchyard.</p><br>
<p>Tunulliarfik Fjord  is a fjord near Qaqortoq in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland. It is the inner section of Skovfjord . In times of the Norse settlement in southern Greenland, it was known as Eiriksfjord.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The fjord head at approximately 61&deg;14&prime;40&Prime;N latitude, 45&deg;30&prime;35&Prime;W longitude is formed by the estuary of a river flowing from the glacial outflow lake in Johan Dahl Land. At approximately 61&deg;04&prime;00&Prime;N latitude, 45&deg;26&prime;30&Prime;W longitude, south of the Narsarsuaq settlement, the fjord is joined by its tributary Qooroq Fjord from the northeast, changing direction from southern into southwestern. Bounded by long peninsulas and low-lying islands from the southeast and the northwest, it has its mouth in the Skovfjord which empties in Labrador Sea at approximately 60&deg;41&prime;N latitude, 46&deg;44&prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>The Narsaq Sound, between the peninsula forming the northern shore of Tunulliarfik Fjord and Tuttutooq and Illutaliq islands, connects with neighbouring Bredefjord and Nordre Sermilik to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>There are several small settlements near the shores of the long Tunulliarfik Fjord. Narsarsuaq and Qassiarsuk are located on the opposite sides of the fjord near its head. Further south, the settlement of Igaliku occupies the isthmus of a peninsula bounding the fjord from the south. At the far end of Narsaq Peninsula bounding the upper reaches of the fjord from the north the town of Narsaq occupies a wide lowland with arable ground. There are no settlements in the lower reaches of the fjord.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>Narsaq is a port of call for the Arctic Umiaq Line coastal ship in the summer season. The southbound ferry route backtracks from Qaqortoq until the mouth of Tunulliarfik, to then sail northeast alongside the lower part of the fjord, anchoring at Narsaq port before turning around the same day.</p><br>
<p>Narsaq Heliport and the international Narsarsuaq Airport operate year-round, with STOL connections to Nuuk, Kangerlussuaq, and Paamiut, and helicopter connections to Alluitsup Paa, Nanortalik, and Qaqortoq. Igaliku and Qassiarsuk can be reached by boat.</p><br>
<p>Smith&#39;s Tavern is a historic building in Spartanburg County, South Carolina. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story clapboard “I-house” with a shed-roof porch at the front and a one-story kitchen addition to the rear. The house has two corbelled gable end chimneys and a large chimney at the rear of the old kitchen addition. The brick courses in one of the gable-end chimneys are laid in a diamond patterned tapestry, offset by glazed headers. The tapestried chimney is one of few remaining in South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Captain William James Smith, a revolutionary army officer from Pennsylvania, built the home in 1790. It served as a stagecoach stops that offered room and board and was referred to as "Smith&#39;s Tavern." It overlooks two 18th century roads. One of these roads is Blackstock Road, now known as Hwy. 215, was a primary route to drive cattle from Columbia, South Carolina to Asheville, North Carolina, hence its name. The other road intersected Blackstock Road is now known as McAbee and Otts Shoals Roads. The southernmost road, Otts Shoals, leads to the historic plantation of Walnut Grove, site of a revolutionary skirmish.</p><br>
<p>The land around the "Smith&#39;s Tavern" house was bought in 1970 by the Crescent Company, and it was divided into lots and the lots were sold.</p><br>
<p>Levering Hall is a historic building in downtown Mount Gilead, Ohio, United States. A fine example of the Italianate style, it was intended to house a range of civic functions.</p><br>
<p>Architecturally, Levering Hall is distinguished by such elements as elaborate ironwork and detailed cornices. Built in the national centennial year of 1876, it was initially conceived as a village hall and fire station, but before construction began, local businessmen proposed using its front portion for commercial purposes. Ultimately, the front and rear were built separately at a combined cost of $22,500. Among the most distinctive portions of the finished two-piece building was an opera hall, used as a community theater until the end of the 1940s. The village offices and fire station also left the building in the middle of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Plans for the building that became Levering Hall were laid during a period of rapid growth for the village of Mount Gilead, which had only recently been a tiny crossroads community. The halls cornerstone was laid on June 28, 1876, and construction was finished by the end of the year. Its builders were Miller and Smith, who were known for their work on several Ohio county courthouses and the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus. Leading Mount Gilead businessman Allen Levering was the buildings namesake; a future state legislator, he helped to organize the local business association that proposed using the building for commercial purposes.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, Levering Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for listing because of its distinctive architecture, its part in overall local history, and its connection to Allen Levering.</p><br>
<p>The Forrestdale and Thomsons Lakes Ramsar Site comprises two separate nature reserves, totaling 754 ha in area, protecting two shallow fresh to brackish, seasonal lakes in a suburban and agricultural landscape in south-western Western Australia. It is used mainly for birdwatching and walking. It lies in the Swan Coastal Plain bioregion. The site is recognised as being of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, under which it was designated Ramsar Site 481 on 7 June 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Forrestdale Lake and Thomsons Lake lie 10 km apart within the southern Perth metropolitan area. They are similar in size and shape, being oval, about 1.6 km long by 1.3 km wide, with large central areas of open water when full and with shorelines vegetated with concentric fringes of the introduced bulrush Typha orientalis, sedges, paperbarks and other plants tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Both lakes usually dry out in summer, though Thomsons lake may occasionally retain water throughout the year. Both reserves contain areas of native woodland. They are the best remaining examples of brackish, seasonal lakes with extensive fringing sedgeland typical of the Swan Coastal Plain. Regionally they form a major breeding, migration stop-over and semi-permanent drought refuge area for shorebirds and other waterbirds.</p><br>
<p>Ramsar criteria satisfied by the site are that it:</p><br>
<p>contains a representative, rare, or unique example of a natural or near-natural wetland type found within the appropriate biogeographic region</p><br>
<p>supports populations of a plant and/or animal species important for maintaining the biological diversity of a particular biogeographic region</p><br>
<p>regularly supports 20,000 or more waterbirds; and</p><br>
<p>regularly supports 1% of the individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of waterbird.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>Conservation management of the site focuses on:</p><br>
<p>maintenance of water quality since nutrient levels in the lakes are fairly high, and water levels may be affected by groundwater extraction for domestic and agricultural purposes, or increased drainage discharge from nearby urban areas</p><br>
<p>preventing the spread of Typha orientalis throughout the lakes</p><br>
<p>the need to control chironomid numbers because of their nuisance factor to nearby residents; and</p><br>
<p>mitigating further deterioration of wetland and woodland vegetation resulting from over-use by visitors.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Trust Company Building is a Beaux Arts style commercial building in the central downtown area of Washington, Pennsylvania. The original 1903 section of the building is six stories tall, a 1927 addition is ten stories. At the start of 2015 it was the largest commercial building in Washington.</p><br>
<p>The original portion of the building was completed in 1903 as the headquarters of the Washington Trust Company, formed by acquisitions and mergers of other financial institutions in 1901. The trust company needed grow from its original rented space in the Swan Building as the banking sector in the area was expanding due to the increase in coal and oil extraction activities. The first floor of the new building housed the bank; professionals including doctors, engineers, insurance and real estate agents occupying the upper floors. Its proximity to the county Courthouse on the opposite side of Main Street made the building a popular address for legal professionals as well.</p><br>
<p>The trust company closed in 1931 when it failed to survive the Great Depression. The building was owned by a succession of banks and was sold to a development group in 2013. Even though, as with many smaller cities, the downtown area of Washington suffers from low occupancy, the Washington Trust Company is still home to many of the town’s professional offices, as well as a bank on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The Shelby Family Houses near Lexington, Kentucky are five houses that together were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The listing covers:</p><br>
<p>"Greenfields", 5510 Richmond Road, Lexington</p><br>
<p>"Grassland" (1823), Shelby Lane, Lexington, an L-shaped two-and-a-half-story brick house</p><br>
<p>"Richland" (1820s or 1830s), Richmond Road, Lexington</p><br>
<p>"Ruemont", Jacks Creek Pike, Lexington</p><br>
<p>"Highland Hall", 6208 Richmond Rd., Lexington, Kentucky, which is separately listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>A sixth house, "Belair", is excluded from the National Register listing.</p><br>
<p>The 20.1 acre listing included, in 1978, 10 contributing buildings and one other contributing site.</p><br>
<p>Long-A-Coming Depot, also known as the Berlin Railroad Station, is located in Berlin, Camden County, New Jersey, United States, between Taunton and Washington Avenues, abutting the New Jersey Transit Atlantic City Line tracks. The station was built in 1856 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 14, 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Camden and Atlantic Railroad built a rail line in 1853 that ran parallel to the main road between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Atlantic City, New Jersey. The station was built along the rail line in 1856. In 1867, the station name was changed to Berlin. The station was closed in the 1960s due to declining passenger numbers.</p><br>
<p>The station was restored in 1994 by the Berlin Historical Society. The station now serves as the meeting place for the Historical Society and several other area organizations.</p><br>
<p>Mortonville is an unincorporated area and historic hamlet in Chester County, Pennsylvania on the eastern bank of the West Branch Brandywine Creek. It consists of about a half-dozen structures, two of which are on the National Register of Historic Places: the Mortonville Hotel, and the 12.5 ft "Bridge in East Fallowfield Township" which crosses a mill race a few feet east of a larger bridge. The larger bridge, known as the Mortonville Bridge, was also listed on the NRHP until 2010 when it was delisted following a renovation. The two bridges are in East Fallowfield Township, while most other structures are in Newlin Township.</p><br>
<p>The hamlet was founded between 1767 and 1772 by Thomas Hayes, who erected a grist mill and sawmill where the Strasburg Road crossed the creek, on the east bank. He sold his land and the mills to John Worth in 1772; John&#39;s son Thomas built a house on the north side of the road (across from the mills) in 1796.</p><br>
<p>Sketchley and Elizabeth Morton, a couple from Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, bought the former Worth property on April 1, 1840. (Morton, Pennsylvania was named after Sketchley.) The land was soon transferred to their grandson, Crosby P. Morton, who founded Mortonville. In 1849, he turned the Worth house into the Mortonville Hotel (although he was unable to obtain a tavern license for it, a necessity for serving alcohol) and built a wheelwright shop nearby, on the south side of the road. He leased the hotel to Isaac Parsons in 1850; Parsons obtained a tavern license, but vacated in 1851, leaving the hotel up for lease. It was described in his advertisement as serving both stock-drovers along the Strasburg Road and other travellers. Ultimately, it was rented to Hansen Thornbury. In the meantime, Morton erected a general store next to the wheelwright shop, but both the store and the mills were up for rent by the end of 1851, the tenants having vacated. On February 6, 1852, a post office was opened in Mortonville, with Morton as postmaster. He obtained Francis R. Hickman as a tenant for the store and wheelwright shop, but he went bankrupt in 1852, leaving them vacant again. In 1853, Robert Smith took over the hotel from Thornbury, but did not obtain a tavern license. In the middle of the year, Morton abruptly moved to Philadelphia, leaving the storekeeper, John C. Ely, to take over the postoffice. He and his wife Sarah sold all their holdings to Joshua N. Pierce, of Embreeville on March 31, 1854 and never returned to the town that bears their name.</p><br>
<p>The center of activity in the modern hamlet is a canoe rental business, based in an old house and the adjacent picnic park along the Brandywine. Other structures include the ruins of a grist mill, a new restaurant being built on an old foundation, canoe sheds, and an apparently modern covered bridge. The Mortonville Bridge, which was built in 1826 and rehabilitated in 2009, carries about 6,200 vehicles per day on Strasburg Road. It&#39;s unknown when the smaller bridge on the National Register was built, but it likely predates the larger bridge.</p><br>
<p>Bridger Pass is a mountain pass in Carbon County, Wyoming on the Continental Divide near the south Great Divide Basin bifurcation point, i.e., the point at which the divide appears to split and envelop the basin.</p><br>
<p>The first documented crossing of Bridger Pass was by the Stansbury Expedition, returning east from an expedition to Utah and guided by Jim Bridger. A decade later the pass was in regular use by travelers on the Overland Trail and the associated stage line, these having been established along the route described by Stansbury and known since that time as the Cherokee Trail. To support the stage line, the Bridger Stage Station was established near the pass. The Overland Trail was used steadily between 1860 and 1869 until the First Transcontinental Railroad made the stage line obsolete.</p><br>
<p>In modern times, the official route of the Continental Divide Trail uses Bridger Pass Road to Navigate the Great Divide Basin between Battle Pass on Wyoming Highway 70 to Rawlins, Wyoming. A challenge to hikers is the lack of potable water along this section due to the brackish nature (salinity) of water in the basin.</p><br>
<p>The Gettys-Black divide is the primary drainage divide of Cumberland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania; extending from the mouth of Stevens Creek southward past Samuel Gettys 1761 tavern ~7 miles to the mouth of Plum Run at the dam site for Robert Blacks 1798 Mill. From a ridge within the Gettysburg borough, the divide extends southward across several strategic features of the Gettysburg Battlefield:</p><br>
<p>Cemetery Hill (503 ft)</p><br>
<p>Cemetery Ridge, including the triple point for Plum R/Stevens Cr (west) & Rock Cr (east)</p><br>
<p>Little Round Top</p><br>
<p>Big Round Top</p><br>
<p>The divide descends the east slope of Big Round Top and passes north of a drainage, then extends south-southeast across farm fields near the Taneytown Road to Rock Creek at the unincorporated community of Barlow, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The Green River Female Academy in Todd County, Kentucky is one of the best indications of early 19th century attitudes towards educational equality in the United States and is an example of early Kentucky Georgian, Federal and Greek Revival transitional architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The school was built for the trustees of the Green River Female Academy, begun in 1835 and completed in 1836 by a team of masons, carpenters, and turners. The five-bay double pile building stands on a 1.5 acre lot in the city of Elkton. The Green River Female Academy is the only school predating the Civil War in the Green River region to survive.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was programmed by David V. Robinson and constructed by Jesse Russell and Daniel Grumbly. The building is rendered primarily in both the Federal and Greek-Revival styles, but retains elements of the Georgian period that architectural historian Clay Lancaster noted as "Georgian Survival." The exterior of the building is designed primarily in the Federal style which is accomplished by the emphasis that has been placed upon the central bay of the symmetrically aligned building. The building displays no brick belt course that would be characteristic of the previous Georgian style, nor does it utilize the temple form of the later Greek Revival period. The pedimented gable over the central bay is a distinct characteristic of the Georgian period of architecture. The buildings carved limestone lintels above its facade windows and door feature circular bosses on both ends which are characteristic of the Greek Revival period. The interior radiates from a central hallway that traverses three floors. The plan is nearly symmetrical on all floors. Robinson, Russell and Grumbly possibly used the pattern books of Asher Benjamin and John Haviland to create a plan and details for the academy building, as many of the details align in form with the designs featured in Benjamin and Havilands pattern books.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>Stock for the project was sold to fund the construction of the academy. The school grew to become very prominent in the 19th century. Kentucky, along with North Carolina, boasted the best schools in the nation. During the early to mid-nineteenth century, Academy principal Lucinda H. Dickey disregarded social convention by teaching enslaved servants to read and to write, an effort which was considered to be socially unacceptable during the time period. The school remained an all female academy until 1861 during the beginning of the Civil War. The repositioning of wealth throughout the south during and after the war required a new approach to the economic recovery of the school. The former female seminary school allowed both men and women to attend. Many graduates of the Academy attended colleges in the northeast including Yale and Columbia. Notable figures including United States Supreme Court Justice James Clark McReynolds attended the school, excelling in academics under United States Naval Academy Graduate Major Robert Crumbaugh. The school held its prestige until the late 1880s. Elkton became a state center of education in the late 19th century after the introduction of various colleges, seminaries and academies, including the Vanderbilt Training School and Bethel College. After these schools were introduced to the area, attendance at the Green River Academy began to fall. After the school became defunct, the stock was sold in majority to the City of Elkton Trustees and was used as a public school for the community of Elkton. The school remained in operation until the stock was dissolved and the building was thereafter converted into a residence by the Judge Walton Forgy.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The Green River Academy Preservation Society controls the estate. The Green River Academy Preservation Society was awarded a grant $500,000 in the spring of 2011 by Governor Steve Beshear to restore the building.</p><br>
<p>The William K. Vanderbilt House, also known as the Petit Chateau, was a Châteauesque mansion at 660 Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side in New York City. It was next door to the Triple Palace of William Henry Vanderbilt, which occupied the entire block between 51st and 52nd streets on the west side of Fifth Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mansion was built for William Kissam Vanderbilt, second son of William H. Vanderbilt and Maria Louisa Kissam from 1878 to 1882. Determined to make her mark in New York society, Vanderbilts wife Alva worked with the architect, Richard Morris Hunt, to create the French Renaissance-style chateau. Her renowned fancy-dress ball, held here in March 1883 and attended by a thousand people, captured the publics attention. The structure, a reflection of Alva&#39;s love of all things French, was one of the earliest chateau style mansions in New York City and served as inspiration for many later designs throughout the country by Hunt and others.</p><br>
<p>It was sold to real-estate developer Benjamin Winter, Sr. in 1926, demolished, and replaced by a commercial building. In a draft of her memoirs, Alva, then Mrs. Belmont, merely noted the demolition in passing. The site is currently occupied by an office building known as 666 Fifth Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Although William Vanderbilt was involved in the some design of the house, it was primarily a result of the collaboration of Alva Vanderbilt and the architect. Hunt used a blending of late French Gothic style and Beaux-Arts refinement for the design of the three-and-a-half-story mansion. The elaborate asymmetrical facade was faced in gray Indiana limestone, with an irregular roof of blue-gray slate trimmed with copper. The masonry firm of Ellin and Kitson executed the extensive exterior and interior stone carving, reportedly employing more than 40 artisans. Contemporary architectural critics generally gave good reviews of the design, with most noting that this was not, as had previously been the case with Carpenter Gothic architecture, the pasting of Gothic detail onto an essentially American frame building.</p><br>
<h2>Interiors</h2><br>
<p>The interior was entered from Fifth Avenue via an entrance vestibule. The vestibule opened onto a 60 ft long grand hall, which could be used to access all of the primary first floor rooms. The grand hall was faced in Caen stone, as was much of the interior. It was worked and carved with decorative relief. Forming a "T" off of the right-hand center of the grand hall was the stone grand staircase, with a huge elaborately carved fireplace on the opposite facing wall.</p><br>
<p>The first of the principal rooms upon entering the grand hall from the east was the 18 x library, with 16th century French Renaissance panelling covering the walls. On the opposite side was the 33 x parlor. It featured panelling in walnut, carved in the style of Grinling Gibbons. Next to the parlor was the Louis Quinze-style 33 x salon, designed and built in Paris by Jules Allard. This room helped launch the taste in New York for French 18th century-style interiors. Its most important piece of furniture was an ebony secretary, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, that was built by Jean Henri Riesener for the use of Marie Antoinette at the Château de Saint-Cloud. The focal point of the salon was the ceiling, painted with a mythological scenes by Paul-Jacques-Aimé Baudry. He had recently completed ceiling paintings for the Palais Garnier. Beyond the salon was the 20 x breakfast room and an adjoining butler&#39;s pantry. At the western end of the grand hall one entered the banquet hall. At 50 x and two stories high, it was the largest room in the house. It was Gothic in style, with seven foot high wainscoting, topped with Caen stone walls. One end of the room contained a massive double fireplace with marble caryatids supporting an oak over-mantel by Karl Bitter. A second floor gallery topped the fireplace ensemble. The opposite end of the room featured a musicians gallery. The banquet hall was illuminated by a large stained glass window by Eugène Oudinot.</p><br>
<p>Alemoor Loch is a small reservoir in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It is situated on the Ale Water, 10 km west of Hawick. The loch is approximately 2 km long, and is divided in two by a causeway which carries the B711 road.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, the loch was recorded as being round in shape, 0.4 km across, and up to 55 m deep. The loch was said to be the home of a "water-cow" or kelpie, and another tradition told of a child being carried off by an eagle and dropped into the loch. John Leyden (1775–1811) mentioned the darker associations of the loch in his 1803 poem Scenes of Infancy.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s a dam was constructed and the loch was enlarged to its present size. An existing farmhouse was not removed, and its chimney pots can be seen in when the water level is extremely low. The loch is now used for coarse fishing, with the main species being pike, perch and roach. The remains of a tower at Wester Alemoor, which had formerly stood by the loch, were destroyed by a new road before 1962. A large flint blade was discovered by the loch in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Lake Pflugerville is a reservoir in Pflugerville, Texas in the United States. Construction of the 180-acre reservoir began in 2005 and was completed in 2006. Pumps are used to flow water through a 16-mile pipeline to the reservoir from the lower Colorado River. Its main purpose is to provide water to area residents.</p><br>
<p>Recreation activities also surround the reservoir. Amenities include a 3 mi-long granite hike and bike trail and fishing piers. Adjacent to the reservoir is Lake Pflugerville Park, which was completed in 2010. The park includes kayak rentals, pavilions/picnic areas, and a beach area.</p><br>
<p>Lake Pflugerville is home to several events, including KIDFish, the Pfirecracker Pfestival, and the Lake Pflugerville Triathlon.</p><br>
<p>Beale Memorial Clock Tower is a clock tower located in Bakersfield, California. It was a gift to the city; built by Truxtun Beale in memory of his mother, Mary Edwards Beale. It was dedicated on April 4, 1904, and was built in the middle of the intersection of 17th St. and Chester Ave. When he was ambassador to Spain, Beale was inspired by a clock tower he saw there. He hired architect Clinton Day to design it.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, the Bakersfield and Kern Electric Railway started planning a double track upgrade on the South Chester Line. The Beale Clock Tower was right in the path of that line upgrade. On January 22, 1912, the Bakersfield City Council voted to remove the clock tower. However, after protest from citizens, and Truxtun Beale, who built it only eight years earlier, it was decided to leave the clock tower. Tracks were built around it, which would create future traffic problems. However, the citizens at the time were content to drive around the narrow space.</p><br>
<p>The clock tower continued to stand until the 1952 Kern County earthquake sequence took place in July and August. Being damaged by the earthquake, the city council again voted to demolish it. The only parts to survive were the: clock works, bell, iron spiral stairwell, balcony railings, and arch iron grillwork.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, a group of local citizens organized an effort to rebuild the clock tower. The new clock tower would be built in front of the Kern County Museum on Chester Ave, approximately 1.25 miles north of its original location. It was dedicated on December 13, 1964 to the County of Kern.</p><br>
<p>The Heimkehle is one of two great gypsum caves in Germany that are accessible as show caves. It lies on the southern edge of the Harz Mountains between Rottleberode and Uftrungen, east of Nordhausen, right on the state border between Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt. The cave may be visited as part of a 45-minute-long guided tour.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Heimkehle is a gypsum cave with a length of about 2000 metres, 750 metres of which are normally part of the guided tours. However, due to construction work at present (2008) only 600 metres are accessible. The largest cavern is 65 metres long, 65 metres wide and 22 metres high. As a result of the high solubility of gypsum there has been intensive karstification and a resulting formation of voluminous cave systems. Because it is close to the water table many of the room are or were filled with water. The cave receives an average of 20,000 visitors a year.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Heimkehle was first mentioned in the records in 1357. In 1649 the Prince of Anhalt visited. But not until 1920 was the cave opened up by Theodor Wienrich who had electric lighting installed. On 12 September 1920 the show cave was opened. Because the largest part of the Heimkehle was covered at that time with a contiguous lake, it was negotiated in boats.</p><br>
<p>From 1944 the Nazis turned the cave into a bombproof production site for the Dessau Junkers Factory, who had parts for the Ju 88 and other products manufactured here. V-weapons were also supposed to have been produced here. Initially large parts of the lake were concreted over and three production halls and several tunnels built, of which the largest could even be used by lorries. The tunnels and access galleries were able to be cut in a relatively short time due to the softness of the gypsum. in relativ kurzer Zeit angelegt werden. Prisoners from the Rottleberode satellit of the Mittelbau concentration camp were drafted in to man the underground facilities. Due to the brutality of the SS guards and the climatic conditions in the cave the death rate amongst the prisoners was very high. Towards the war&#39;s end the cave was evacuated and the prisoners were sent on death marches to other concentration camps. A large number of them died as a result.</p><br>
<p>After the war the cave was considered as a military installation by the Allies due to its production facilities. In 1946 they had all the access galleries blown up. The cave suffered heavy damage as a result of roof and side wall collapses. From 1953 the Heimkehle was opened up. New entry and exit galleries were driven and the structures that had not already been destroyed were removed. Hardly any traces of buildings may be seen in the cave today. The concreted lakes could not be uncovered because the thickness and quality of the concrete used by the Nazis did not allow it to be removed. More demolition work would have caused further destruction of the Heimkehle. So the cave may now be visited on foot. In 1954 it was re-opened as a show cave. In the small cathedral (Kleiner Dom), where there had also been production facilities, East German authorities built a memorial to the concentration camp inmates. In the Great Cathedral (Großer Dom), in which only a few traces of the production site can still be see, a laser show was installed in 1990. The formal opening of the karst museum took place in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Harzer Wandernadel</h2><br>
<p>The cave is checkpoint no. 214 in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking system.</p><br>
<p>The Jesse Chisholm Grave Site is a commemorative site in rural Blaine County, Oklahoma. Located about 6 mi north of Geary on the east side of the North Canadian River, the site is the accepted location of the burial of Jesse Chisholm , a well-known mixed-blood Cherokee trader for whom the Chisholm Trail is named. The site is also believed to include the burial site of Chief Left Hand, whose camp Chisholm was visiting at the time of his death. A nearby spring is name Left Hand Spring in the chief&#39;s honor. The site is a historical reminder of the friendship between the two men, who had an enduring friendship despite significant hostility between whites and Native Americans at the time.</p><br>
<p>The site of Chisholm&#39;s burial is marked by a simple granite marker bearing the words "Jesse Chisholm // Born 1805 // DIED MAR 4 1868 // NO ONE LEFT HIS HOME COLD OR HUNGRY". The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is maintained by the Oklahoma Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Brook Road Marker, Jefferson Davis Highway is a commemorative marker on the Jefferson Davis Highway, in Henrico County, Virginia, outside of Richmond, Virginia. The Jefferson Davis Highway was conceived and marked by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, as a counter to the Lincoln Highway in the north, during 1913-1925. In that era, named highways were being marked as automobile travel increased, and the advent of numbered highways eventually loomed. The marker was placed in North Richmond Brook Road, south of Hilliard Road, in 1927. It is one of the earliest, out of 16, that were placed to mark the highway in Virginia by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. It is a 42 in gray granite stone, with a slanted top, and a bronze plaque.</p><br>
<p>It is one of a number of markers studied in a National Park Service study, UDC Commemorative Highway Markers along the Jefferson Davis Highway in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Forests of Mara and Mondrem were adjacent medieval forests in Cheshire, England, which in the 11th century extended to over 60 square miles, stretching from the Mersey in the north almost to Nantwich in the south, and from the Gowy in the west to the Weaver in the east. Mara and Mondrem were a hunting forest of the Norman Earls of Chester, established soon after 1071 by the first earl, Hugh d&#39;Avranches. They might earlier have been an Anglo-Saxon hunting forest. Game included wild boar, and red, fallow and roe deer.</p><br>
<p>After the earldom lapsed in 1237, the forest rights passed to the Crown, with the monarch&#39;s heir being given the title of Earl of Chester. Edward I and James I both hunted in the forests. Clearance for agricultural use began to be permitted after 1215, and by the mid-14th century, large areas of the Forest of Mondrem had been cleared. Deer hunting still continued within the remaining forest in the 17th century, and the forest was not formally disafforested, or removed from forest law, until 1812. The modern Delamere Forest is the remnant of the medieval forests, but little ancient woodland survives.</p><br>
<h2>Extent</h2><br>
<p>In the 11th century, the Forests of Mara and Mondrem stretched from the Mersey in the north to a few miles north of Nantwich in the south, and from the Gowy in the west to the Weaver in the east. The total extent was over 60 square miles. An undated document quoted by Ormerod lists 62 townships and villages within the two forests (although several of these places were exempt from forest law); as the document mentions Vale Royal Abbey, this must refer to some time between the abbey&#39;s foundation in 1277 and its dissolution in 1536.</p><br>
<p>The precise boundary between the two adjacent forests is uncertain, but the Forest of Mara probably extended from the Mersey to the south of the area now known as Delamere Forest, while the Forest of Mondrem occupied the area between Delamere and Nantwich. The boundary might have coincided with a road known as "Peytevinisti" or "Peytefynsty", which also defined the limit of the grazing rights of Vale Royal Abbey; this is believed to have run from Weaverham in the north through Cuddington to Tarporley in the south.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Earls' hunting forest</h3><br>
<p>The Forests of Mara and Mondrem together formed one of the three hunting forests of the Earls of Chester, the others being the Forests of Macclesfield and Wirral. It was created by Hugh d&#39;Avranches, a keen huntsman, soon after he became Earl of Chester in 1071, although the area might have been an Anglo-Saxon hunting forest before the Norman Conquest. Game was hunted with dogs and included wild boar, and red, fallow and roe deer.</p><br>
<p>The original woodland was mixed, predominantly oak, but also including elm, lime, yew, chestnut, fir, larch, beech, ash, silver birch, hazel, willow and alder. Agriculture was, however, allowed within the forest boundaries only under severe restrictions; assarting, or enclosing and clearing new land for agriculture, was completely prohibited until 1215–16.</p><br>
<p>During the early Norman period, the penalties for killing game were blinding, mutilation or execution. These savage punishments were gradually replaced by huge fines, and in 1215, the Magna Carta reduced the maximum penalty for breaking forest law nationally to fines or imprisonment. Ranulf de Blondeville, the 6th Earl, issued a charter in 1215–16 which granted a more humane legal code for the Cheshire hunting forests.</p><br>
<p>This charter also, for the first time, conceded to the barons and their knights and freeholders the "right to assart their lands within the arable area of the forest and to grow crops on land formerly cultivated and free from wood without payment." Within the Forests of Mara and Mondrem, custom did not, however, follow the charter, a fine of 5 shillings per acre in Mondrem or 6 shillings 8 pence per acre in Mara being paid at the time of enclosure. Later, a licence was also required to assart forest land, which required the payment of a further fee and was very unpopular. Enclosure and assarting in Mara and Mondrem during this period is poorly documented, but is known to have occurred at Frodsham, Weaverham and Darnhall.</p><br>
<h3>After the Earls</h3><br>
<p>After the lapse of the Chester earldom in 1237, the forest rights passed to the Crown and the monarch&#39;s heir was given the title of Earl of Chester. Although Edward I hunted in the forest, the sport became less important, and the forests were used for timber production and as a source of revenue from taxes, fees and fines. Agricultural exploitation of the eastern edge of the forest was hampered by outbreaks of Black Death at Over, Little Budworth and Vale Royal Abbey in 1349, 1361 and 1369. The Old Pale and Eddisbury Hill were enclosed in the 14th century, to retain deer.</p><br>
<p>The northerly Forest of Mara remained wooded in the 14th century, and still retained a population of wild boar and wolves. By that date, however, large areas of the southerly Forest of Mondrem had been cleared. The remaining Mondrem woodland in the mid-14th century appears to have been concentrated in the north around Castle Northwich, Hartford and Winnington, and to a lesser extent in the south east around Aston juxta Mondrum, Calveley, Cholmondeston, Church Minshull, Poole and Wettenhall. Extensive assarting by Vale Royal Abbey made a major contribution to the loss of Mondrem woodland before the abbey&#39;s dissolution. The proximity to the medieval salt not a typo of Nantwich and Middlewich, with their wood-fuelled salt pans, might also have been a factor.</p><br>
<p>Deer continued to be hunted in the 17th century; a large area at New Pale was enclosed at this time for the retention of deer. James I, on a royal visit to Cheshire in August 1617, hunted in the forest, describing it as "this delectable place". From the early 18th century, however, the focus of hunting moved away from deer; Tarporley Hunt Club was founded in 1762, and the local gentry hunted hares and later foxes.</p><br>
<h3>Disafforestation</h3><br>
<p>The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw much of the surviving forest enclosed. A total of 7,755 acres in the south of the Forest of Mara, by then known as Delamere Forest, remained nominally a hunting forest until the early 19th century. In 1812, an Enclosure Act was passed disafforesting the remaining forest (that is, returning its legal status to ordinary land) and transferring ownership of the remnant half to the Crown and half to surrounding major landowners. Very little ancient woodland now survives, mainly concentrated on the banks of the Weaver and within steep cloughs running into that river, although there are also pockets of old, semi-natural woodland elsewhere, such as Cocked Hat Covert, near Little Budworth, and Dorfold Park, near Acton.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Each of the Cheshire hunting forests was administered by a master-forester on behalf of the Earl. For the Forests of Mara and Mondrem, this hereditary position was given by Ranulf le Meschin, the 3rd Earl, to Ranulf or Ralph de Kingsley in 1123, and it passed by marriage to the Launcelyn family and later to the Done family of Utkinton and Tarporley. Sixteen Dones held the position over nearly four centuries. In 1662, the master-forestership passed to the Crewe family and then to the Ardernes, who held it until the disafforestation in 1812. The position was symbolised by a black horn, which was given to the Kingsleys in the 12th century; now known as the "Delamere Horn", it is in the collection of the Grosvenor Museum. The master-foresters answered to the Chester justiciar, who was responsible for the administration of forest law across all three Cheshire forests.</p><br>
<p>The privileges claimed by the Mara and Mondrem master-forester were set out in detail by Richard Done in the 14th century. They included the right shoulder of all deer killed in hunting; windfallen and felled timber within the demesne wood; swarms of bees, sparrowhawks, merlins and hobbies found throughout the forest; and the right of pannage, or feeding pigs in the forest. He also claimed halfpence per head of cattle and goats found straying within the forest between Michaelmas and Martinmas, the payments made for the agistment of hogs between Martinmas and Christmas, as well as the pick of the property forfeited by poachers. The master-forester had a lodge, known as the "Chamber of the Forest", in which he occasionally stayed; it was built in Peckforton in 1351 and later moved to Eddisbury Hill.</p><br>
<p>A large staff supported the Mara and Mondrem master-forester, which is known in the mid-14th century to have included eight underforesters and two garçons who administered particular districts of the forest, assuming much of the role of the county sergeants within the forest bounds. Additionally, agisters collected monies charged for grazing, verderers attended the forest courts, and inspectors termed "regarders", huntsmen and kennelmen were also employed.</p><br>
<p>Mankin Mansion, also known as Brickworks or as Irvin Place, was built in 1924 as a home and showplace by and for Edward Thurston Mankin, a brick manufacturer. The architecture of the mansion, inside and out, and of walls, benches, and structures on the grounds, includes many features ingeniously implemented in brick.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s architecture is Georgian Revival, a subtype of Colonial Revival architecture. The house is featured in Foundations in Time II: More of Henrico’s Architectural Treasures, a Henrico County TV film available for viewing online. The mansion was saved from deterioration by its purchase by new owners who renovated it and operate a bed-and-breakfast and a wedding business there.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. In 1993, the NRHP listing included five contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>Tree Hill near Richmond, Virginia, in Henrico County, Virginia, is a Greek Revival style plantation house overlooking the James River about two miles east of downtown Richmond near the intersection of the historic Osborne Turnpike and New Market Road. Currently still a private farm, but expected to become partly a park after housing and commercial development, it was once owned by Richmond distiller and landowner Franklin Stearns, a prominent Unionist during the American Civil War. Centuries earlier, it had been a Native American camp site, and the birthplace of powerful chief Powhatan .</p><br>
<p>On the night of April 3, 1865, as Richmond burned due to fires set by evacuating Confederate forces, Richmond mayor Joseph Mayo traveled in a horse-drawn buggy along Main Street (which becomes the Osborne Turnpike) alongside the James River about a mile past Rockett&#39;s Landing, where he came upon Union cavalry encamped at Tree Hill (near the intersection with New Market Road toward Williamsburg). He delivered a note surrendering the city and requesting help restoring order and protecting people and property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tree Hill Farm has been occupied for more than two centuries, during the colonial era by the Chickahominy tribe of Native Americans. In 1778, Henrico County clerk (and future delegate in the Virginia General Assembly) Miles Selden purchased the property and by 1785 constructed a horse racing track, one of the first such in America. During his 1824 farewell tour of the former colonies he helped liberate, the Marquis de Lafayette visited the racecourse. His daughter Patsy and her husband William Roane inherited Tree Hill plantation in 1837.</p><br>
<p>In 1855, Franklin Stearns bought the plantation from the Roanes. Although a Unionist (and imprisoned as well as placed in house arrest various times during the American Civil War), Stearns allowed cattle belonging to the Confederate&#39;s Chimborazo Hospital to graze on the property, for which the Confederate government paid him. Union troops occupied the house in April 1865.</p><br>
<p>On the property&#39;s east side stood the Surrender Tree, a massive oak that reputedly marked the spot where Mayor Joseph Mayo surrendered the city of Richmond to Union forces on the night of April 2–3, 1865 by giving two Union majors a note telling the Union commander that the Confederates had evacuated and begging him to preserve order, as well as protect Women, children and property. The Union officers conveyed the document to General Godfrey Weitzel, who ordered troops to extinguish the flames, as well as traveled downtown to city hall to accept a formal document at 8:15 a.m.</p><br>
<p>The Burlee family bought the farm from Stearns&#39; children in 1910, and successive generations kept it as a farm until recently. Tree Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The listing included three contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>A historical marker has commemorated the site since 2002, and in 2015 re-enactors and others marked the 150th anniversary of Richmonds surrender there. In 2014, Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks filmed "Ithaca" at the property. The oak fell during a severe thunderstorm in the summer of 2012. The property is now owned by Gray Land and Development Company, which secured permission to develop the site with as many as 2,770 homes and 1.1 million square feet of office space, conditioned upon restoration of the manor house and barn, as well as set-asides for a school, library and place to honor the areas Native American heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Belnord is an apartment building on West 86th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.</p><br>
<p>It was designed in 1908 by the noted architectural firm of Hiss and Weekes. It is 13 stories tall and features Italian Renaissance style decorative elements. It features two massive, two story grand archways that provide entrance to an inner courtyard with landscaped gardens.</p><br>
<p>The Belnord is one of a handful of full-block apartment buildings in New York. Like other full-block buildings, such as The Apthorp, the Belnord is built around a large, landscaped interior courtyard. The Belnord&#39;s courtyard is among the largest in the city.</p><br>
<p>It is a New York City Landmark and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Notable residents have included the writer Isaac Bashevis Singer, actor Zero Mostel and jazz impresario Art D&#39;Lugoff.</p><br>
<p>The building was acquired by Extell Development Company in 1994. In March 2015, it was sold to HFZ Capital</p><br>
<p>The Reynolds Metals Company International Headquarters is an International Style building complex set in a composed landscape near Richmond, Virginia, completed in 1958. The low-rise Executive Office Building was designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, in collaboration with Richmond landscape architect Charles F. Gillette. The headquarters complex has been cited as a prototype for modern suburban office development. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The property is owned by the University of Richmond.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The headquarters complex is set on a 121 acre site outside of Richmond, once a horse farm, that is now surrounded by suburban development. The Donovan Farm, also known as the "Horse Pen", gave its name to nearby Horsepen Road. The original site comprised the General Office Building (now the Executive Office Building), its podium, a service building and a greenhouse, as well as screened parking areas, formal gardens and a reflecting pool.</p><br>
<p>The principal element of the Reynolds headquarters complex is the Executive Office Building. Intended as a showcase for the products of the Reynolds Metals Company, the Executive Office Building incorporated aluminum, the companys principal product, wherever possible, principally in the buildings exterior cladding, but even in interior furnishings and finishes, where carpets and draperies incorporated aluminum fibers.</p><br>
<p>The three story building rests on an elevated podium. The lowest level appears as an open loggia with slender aluminum-clad columns. Windows span from slab to slab at all three levels, more deeply inset at the first level to reveal the columns. An interior courtyard illuminates interior spaces. Deep fixed overhangs on the south shade the windows from the sun, and are matched by non-functional overhangs on the north side. The east and west elevations feature bright blue adjustable aluminum louvers for sun control. The louvers are motorized to provide daylighting without direct glare.</p><br>
<h3>Use of aluminum</h3><br>
<p>The Executive Office Building uses a total of 1,235,800 lb of aluminum, 400,000 lb in the exterior cladding. The building retains much of its original furniture, such as built-in aluminum file cabinets, and other original furnishings are in use or in storage. Furniture was designed by Eero Saarinen, Florence Knoll, and Hans Wegner. The carpet and draperies are woven with aluminum thread.</p><br>
<h3>Other structures</h3><br>
<p>The four story 1968 General Office Building, while sympathetic to the Executive Office Building, is not considered a contributing structure to the National Register property, nor are the 1978 Information Services Building and other support structures.</p><br>
<p>The Marion Castle, also known as Terre Bonne, is located at 1 Rogers Road in the Shippan Point section of Stamford, Connecticut. It was built in 1914 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 1, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Marion Castle was built, owned and occupied by the family of Frank Marion until his death in 1963. The home was designed by the noted New York City-based architectural firm of Hunt & Hunt, which was owned at the time by Joseph Howland Hunt and Richard Howland Hunt. Marion Castle was designed in the style of a French chateau completed in either 1914 (according to an October 2, 2005, New York Times article) or 1916 ("completed in 1916", according to a July 2006 article in New Canaan/Darien Magazine). Frank J. Marion was a movie industry pioneer who with partners in the Kalem Company produced one-reelers shown at nickelodeons and later silent films. Since 1998 the pile has been owned and occupied by Thomas L. Rich, a Stamford real estate developer well known in the area. Rich has allowed the usage of the home extensively for non-profit community events.</p><br>
<p>The C. J. Starr Barn and Carriage House is an historic estate outbuilding, located on the grounds of the former Sacred Heart Academy on Strawberry Hill Road in Stamford, Connecticut. It is a large 1-1/2 story wood frame structure with elegant Italianate scrolled woodwork on the exterior, with a smaller barn joined to a larger building that originally functioned as a carriage house. They were built c. 1860 by C. J. Starr has part of a larger country estate, of which these are the only surviving buildings. The estate was given to the Sacred Heart Academy, which has done sensitive restoration of the exterior of the structure; its interior has been converted into a gymnasium and other facilities.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 14, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The New Mill and Depot Building of the former Hawthorne Woolen Mill are located in Greenwich, Connecticut, United States. The two structures were built on an existing textile mill complex in the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>The mill and its depot, in the Gothic Revival and Queen Anne architectural styles respectively, were unusually decorative for functional buildings of that era. Today they are a commercial and retail complex for the Glenville neighborhood of Greenwich. In 1990 they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Thirteen years later, when the Glenville Historic District was listed on the Register in 2003, the buildings were a contributing property.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The two structures are located on a 0.8 acre lot between Pemberwick Road on the west and the Byram River on the east, where the 30 ft dam that powered the mills is still present. To the north is the commercial center of Greenwich&#39;s Glenville neighborhood, with the large former Glenville School, now the Western Greenwich Civic Center, to the east, behind a housing development. On the west side of the street the land rises sharply through wooded bluffs to a residential neighborhood; another one is on the other side of the river, where the land rises more gently to the state line and Rye Brook, New York, a half-mile (1 km) away. To the south Pemberwick continues through woods along the Byram.</p><br>
<p>The "new" mill building, the larger of the two, sits on the river. It is a three-story, 56 by brick building with a two-story 19 by northern wing. Because of a regrading it now appears to be two stories on the east. A central tower rises to a fourth story, its top 55 ft above the ground.</p><br>
<p>Intricate brickwork and decoration characterizes all the main block&#39;s facades. The round-arched windows on both floors have as their springlines belt courses made of three rows of brick laid as two rows of headers with black stretchers in between. This is complemented by a reverse in the arches themselves, where the black bricks are recessed. Pilasters rise between the windows, topped by squares of projecting brick. A dentilled cornice runs just below the roofline.</p><br>
<p>The tower, and all but the east roofline, are crenelated at the top. Additionally machicolation supports the flared top of the tower. Diapered brick spells out "1881", the year of construction, in one of the entablatures. Smaller towers are located at the corners of the building.</p><br>
<p>A pedestrian plaza separates the mill building from the 30 by depot to the east. It is a one-and-a-half-story structure of brick, in less decorative patterns. Its gabled roof has broad overhanging eaves pierced by gabled dormer windows on the west. Both the dormer gables and the braces at the main gable peaks are braced with wood in a lacy foliate pattern, more intricate at the gable peaks than the dormers. The latter have visible rafter ends.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Glenville had grown up around a mill on the Byram since first being settled in the mid-18th century. By 1814 at the latest a textile mill, the Byram Manufacturing Company, had been established at the present site. It went through a variety of owners over the next several decades, none of them able to make it successful in the long term.</p><br>
<p>After an 1874 foreclosure, William Tingue of Paterson, New Jersey, purchased the mill. He formed Tingue, Hous and Company, doing business as Hawthorne Woolen Mill. An insurance survey done in 1875 notes that the buildings were "substantial and in good repair&quot it is not known then why he chose to demolish and replace them within a few years.</p><br>
<p>The depot, probably the first of the two to be built, was to have been served by a railroad, shown as planned on 1867 maps, connecting Port Chester, New York, and Ridgefield, Connecticut. Those plans were eventually abandoned. The construction of the new mill, which replaced a building described by the 1875 insurance survey as similar in size, suggests that Tingue had been able to make the mill very profitable.</p><br>
<p>His success may also have led him to choose such high-style designs for the buildings, to show the importance of the mills to the community and his commitment to them, as owners of such buildings at the time sometimes did. The intricate patterning on the mill facade suggests a great deal of thought went into the composition; the woodwork trim on the depot shows a Stick-Eastlake influence.</p><br>
<p>In 1892 the company changed its name to the Hawthorne Mills Company. Five years later, in 1897, it was recorded as operating with 20 sets of cards and 70 broadlooms. The American Felt Company, a New Jersey-based concern that operated mills in four states, acquired Hawthorne in 1899.</p><br>
<p>Its success continued, with first Irish and later Polish immigrants who lived nearby staffing the mills. In 1939 it had 24 card sets, five pickers and 200 employees total. After World War II it went into decline along with the New England textile industry as a whole.</p><br>
<p>American Felt closed the mill in the 1970s. It has since been converted into a residential and commercial complex. The interiors of the buildings were completely renovated and partitioned, but the exteriors remain relatively intact.</p><br>
<p>The New York Belting and Packing Co. complex, also known locally for its main 20th-century occupant, the Fabric Fire Hose Company, is a historic industrial complex at 45-71, 79-89 Glen Road in Newtown, Connecticut. Its centerpiece is a four story brick mill building with an Italianate tower, built in 1856. The property also includes a dam impounding the adjacent Pootatuck River, a mill pond, and a hydroelectric power generation facility. The site&#39;s industrial history begins about 1850, when the dam was built. The New York Belting and Packing Company built the present factory building and another further upstream , where it operated until 1917. The property was then acquired by a subsidiary of Uniroyal, which let the premises to the Fabric Fire Hose Company, its tenant  until 1977.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 2, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Lake Vrana  in Dalmatia is the largest lake in Croatia. It is a designated nature park , a kind of protected area in Croatia. It is located in Zadar County and Šibenik-Knin County, between the towns and municipalities of Benkovac, Pirovac, Pakoštane, Stankovci and Tisno.</p><br>
<p>The area of the lake is 30.7 km&sup2;, the elevation of its surface above sea level is only 0.1 m, while its maximum depth is 4 m.</p><br>
<p>The lake is in a karst valley filled with water and is a rare example cryptodepression. The dominant feature of the park is a special ornithological reserve, an almost untouched natural habitat of birds, a rare wetland systems, full of high biodiversity and an outstanding scientific and ecological value. The lake provides an ample amount of fish for fishing enthusiasts.</p><br>
<p>Mahogany Mountain is an ancient caldera volcano on the border of Oregon and Idaho, in Malheur County and Owyhee County, respectively. While its early history is largely unknown, its last eruption was probably 15.5 million years ago. This eruption ejected layers of rhyolite and produced tuff, creating formations of rock in the Leslie Gulch.</p><br>
<p>Nearby features include the Owyhee River, historically used as a fishing and camping ground for early Native Americans. The climate of the area tends to be extreme; that is, it is cold in the winter and hot in summer. Sparse vegetation is present, including shrubs and patches of juniper.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>A part of the Basin and Range Province, the volcano&#39;s most recent eruptive activity dates to approximately 15 million years ago (the Miocene), forming during a period of active volcanism including eruptions of ignimbrite and ash. It formed around the same time as Three Fingers, Castle Peak, and three other volcanoes. Today the volcano appears gnarled due to erosion and is topped by pine forests. The caldera is narrow and shaped like a ridge, with precipitous slopes and an escarpment on the northwest flank. It consists of rhyolite tuff and sedimentary layers.</p><br>
<p>Leslie Gulch lies within the depression of the volcano. Layers of ash and tuff are evident in the formation, and leftover volcanic rocks sit in it as well. The gulch features an array of rock formations and ash erupted from the volcano approximately 15.5 million years ago.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The nearby Owyhee River was utilized by Native Americans as early as 5,000 years before European habitation of the area. It served as a source of food, both for fishing and hunting, and the natives often camped along its banks.</p><br>
<h2>Climate and vegetation</h2><br>
<p>The area by the volcano features cold winters and hot summers, with only 25 cm of rainfall each year. Steppe-like shrubs make up the majority of the vegetation, though juniper is present in patches. There are 64 known mammalian species in the area.</p><br>
